Send patches - preferably formatted by git format-patch - to patches at archlinux32 dot org.
summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/archiso/mkarchiso
blob: a77d3d9b47011ebbe82204458ae77bf2995a7f48 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

set -e -u

# Control the environment
umask 0022
export LC_ALL="C"
export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH="${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH:-"$(date +%s)"}"

# Set application name from the script's file name
app_name="${0##*/}"

# Define global variables. All of them will be overwritten later
pkg_list=()
bootstrap_pkg_list=()
quiet=""
work_dir=""
out_dir=""
gpg_key=""
gpg_sender=""
iso_name=""
iso_label=""
iso_publisher=""
iso_application=""
iso_version=""
install_dir=""
arch=""
pacman_conf=""
packages=""
bootstrap_packages=""
pacstrap_dir=""
buildmodes=()
bootmodes=()
airootfs_image_type=""
airootfs_image_tool_options=()
cert_list=()
sign_netboot_artifacts=""
declare -A file_permissions=()
# adapted from GRUB_EARLY_INITRD_LINUX_STOCK in https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/grub.git/tree/util/grub-mkconfig.in
readonly ucodes=('intel-uc.img' 'intel-ucode.img' 'amd-uc.img' 'amd-ucode.img' 'early_ucode.cpio' 'microcode.cpio')


# Show an INFO message
# $1: message string
_msg_info() {
    local _msg="${1}"
    [[ "${quiet}" == "y" ]] || printf '[%s] INFO: %s\n' "${app_name}" "${_msg}"
}

# Show a WARNING message
# $1: message string
_msg_warning() {
    local _msg="${1}"
    printf '[%s] WARNING: %s\n' "${app_name}" "${_msg}" >&2
}

# Show an ERROR message then exit with status
# $1: message string
# $2: exit code number (with 0 does not exit)
_msg_error() {
    local _msg="${1}"
    local _error=${2}
    printf '[%s] ERROR: %s\n' "${app_name}" "${_msg}" >&2
    if (( _error > 0 )); then
        exit "${_error}"
    fi
}

# Show help usage, with an exit status.
# $1: exit status number.
_usage() {
    IFS='' read -r -d '' usagetext <<ENDUSAGETEXT || true
usage: ${app_name} [options] <profile_dir>
  options:
     -A <application> Set an application name for the ISO
                      Default: '${iso_application}'
     -C <file>        pacman configuration file.
                      Default: '${pacman_conf}'
     -D <install_dir> Set an install_dir. All files will by located here.
                      Default: '${install_dir}'
                      NOTE: Max 8 characters, use only [a-z0-9]
     -L <label>       Set the ISO volume label
                      Default: '${iso_label}'
     -P <publisher>   Set the ISO publisher
                      Default: '${iso_publisher}'
     -c [cert ..]     Provide certificates for codesigning of netboot artifacts
                      Multiple files are provided as quoted, space delimited list.
                      The first file is considered as the signing certificate,
                      the second as the key.
     -g <gpg_key>     Set the PGP key ID to be used for signing the rootfs image.
                      Passed to gpg as the value for --default-key
     -G <mbox>        Set the PGP signer (must include an email address)
                      Passed to gpg as the value for --sender
     -h               This message
     -m [mode ..]     Build mode(s) to use (valid modes are: 'bootstrap', 'iso' and 'netboot').
                      Multiple build modes are provided as quoted, space delimited list.
     -o <out_dir>     Set the output directory
                      Default: '${out_dir}'
     -p [package ..]  Package(s) to install.
                      Multiple packages are provided as quoted, space delimited list.
     -v               Enable verbose output
     -w <work_dir>    Set the working directory
                      Default: '${work_dir}'

  profile_dir:        Directory of the archiso profile to build
ENDUSAGETEXT
    printf '%s' "${usagetext}"
    exit "${1}"
}

# Shows configuration options.
_show_config() {
    local build_date
    build_date="$(date --utc --iso-8601=seconds -d "@${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}")"
    _msg_info "${app_name} configuration settings"
    _msg_info "             Architecture:   ${arch}"
    _msg_info "        Working directory:   ${work_dir}"
    _msg_info "   Installation directory:   ${install_dir}"
    _msg_info "               Build date:   ${build_date}"
    _msg_info "         Output directory:   ${out_dir}"
    _msg_info "       Current build mode:   ${buildmode}"
    _msg_info "              Build modes:   ${buildmodes[*]}"
    _msg_info "                  GPG key:   ${gpg_key:-None}"
    _msg_info "               GPG signer:   ${gpg_sender:-None}"
    _msg_info "Code signing certificates:   ${cert_list[*]}"
    _msg_info "                  Profile:   ${profile}"
    _msg_info "Pacman configuration file:   ${pacman_conf}"
    _msg_info "          Image file name:   ${image_name:-None}"
    _msg_info "         ISO volume label:   ${iso_label}"
    _msg_info "            ISO publisher:   ${iso_publisher}"
    _msg_info "          ISO application:   ${iso_application}"
    _msg_info "               Boot modes:   ${bootmodes[*]}"
    _msg_info "            Packages File:   ${buildmode_packages}"
    _msg_info "                 Packages:   ${buildmode_pkg_list[*]}"
}

# Cleanup airootfs
_cleanup_pacstrap_dir() {
    _msg_info "Cleaning up in pacstrap location..."

    # Delete all files in /boot
    [[ -d "${pacstrap_dir}/boot" ]] && find "${pacstrap_dir}/boot" -mindepth 1 -delete
    # Delete pacman database sync cache files (*.tar.gz)
    [[ -d "${pacstrap_dir}/var/lib/pacman" ]] && find "${pacstrap_dir}/var/lib/pacman" -maxdepth 1 -type f -delete
    # Delete pacman database sync cache
    [[ -d "${pacstrap_dir}/var/lib/pacman/sync" ]] && find "${pacstrap_dir}/var/lib/pacman/sync" -delete
    # Delete pacman package cache
    [[ -d "${pacstrap_dir}/var/cache/pacman/pkg" ]] && find "${pacstrap_dir}/var/cache/pacman/pkg" -type f -delete
    # Delete all log files, keeps empty dirs.
    [[ -d "${pacstrap_dir}/var/log" ]] && find "${pacstrap_dir}/var/log" -type f -delete
    # Delete all temporary files and dirs
    [[ -d "${pacstrap_dir}/var/tmp" ]] && find "${pacstrap_dir}/var/tmp" -mindepth 1 -delete
    # Delete package pacman related files.
    find "${work_dir}" \( -name '*.pacnew' -o -name '*.pacsave' -o -name '*.pacorig' \) -delete
    # Create an empty /etc/machine-id
    rm -f -- "${pacstrap_dir}/etc/machine-id"
    printf '' > "${pacstrap_dir}/etc/machine-id"

    _msg_info "Done!"
}

# Create a squashfs image and place it in the ISO 9660 file system.
# $@: options to pass to mksquashfs
_run_mksquashfs() {
    local image_path="${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}/airootfs.sfs"
    rm -f -- "${image_path}"
    if [[ "${quiet}" == "y" ]]; then
        mksquashfs "$@" "${image_path}" -noappend "${airootfs_image_tool_options[@]}" -no-progress > /dev/null
    else
        mksquashfs "$@" "${image_path}" -noappend "${airootfs_image_tool_options[@]}"
    fi
}

# Create an ext4 image containing the root file system and pack it inside a squashfs image.
# Save the squashfs image on the ISO 9660 file system.
_mkairootfs_ext4+squashfs() {
    local ext4_hash_seed mkfs_ext4_options=()
    [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}" ]] || _msg_error "The path '${pacstrap_dir}' does not exist" 1

    _msg_info "Creating ext4 image of 32 GiB and copying '${pacstrap_dir}/' to it..."

    ext4_hash_seed="$(uuidgen --sha1 --namespace 93a870ff-8565-4cf3-a67b-f47299271a96 \
        --name "${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} ext4 hash seed")"
    mkfs_ext4_options=(
        '-d' "${pacstrap_dir}"
        '-O' '^has_journal,^resize_inode'
        '-E' "lazy_itable_init=0,root_owner=0:0,hash_seed=${ext4_hash_seed}"
        '-m' '0'
        '-F'
        '-U' 'clear'
    )
    [[ ! "${quiet}" == "y" ]] || mkfs_ext4_options+=('-q')
    rm -f -- "${pacstrap_dir}.img"
    E2FSPROGS_FAKE_TIME="${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}" mkfs.ext4 "${mkfs_ext4_options[@]}" -- "${pacstrap_dir}.img" 32G
    tune2fs -c 0 -i 0 -- "${pacstrap_dir}.img" > /dev/null
    _msg_info "Done!"

    install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}"
    _msg_info "Creating SquashFS image, this may take some time..."
    _run_mksquashfs "${pacstrap_dir}.img"
    _msg_info "Done!"
    rm -- "${pacstrap_dir}.img"
}

# Create a squashfs image containing the root file system and saves it on the ISO 9660 file system.
_mkairootfs_squashfs() {
    [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}" ]] || _msg_error "The path '${pacstrap_dir}' does not exist" 1

    install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}"
    _msg_info "Creating SquashFS image, this may take some time..."
    _run_mksquashfs "${pacstrap_dir}"
}

# Create an EROFS image containing the root file system and saves it on the ISO 9660 file system.
_mkairootfs_erofs() {
    local fsuuid
    [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}" ]] || _msg_error "The path '${pacstrap_dir}' does not exist" 1

    install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}"
    local image_path="${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}/airootfs.erofs"
    rm -f -- "${image_path}"
    # Generate reproducible file system UUID from SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
    fsuuid="$(uuidgen --sha1 --namespace 93a870ff-8565-4cf3-a67b-f47299271a96 --name "${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}")"
    _msg_info "Creating EROFS image, this may take some time..."
    mkfs.erofs -U "${fsuuid}" "${airootfs_image_tool_options[@]}" -- "${image_path}" "${pacstrap_dir}"
    _msg_info "Done!"
}

# Create checksum file for the rootfs image.
_mkchecksum() {
    _msg_info "Creating checksum file for self-test..."
    cd -- "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}"
    if [[ -e "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}/airootfs.sfs" ]]; then
        sha512sum airootfs.sfs > airootfs.sha512
    elif [[ -e "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}/airootfs.erofs" ]]; then
        sha512sum airootfs.erofs > airootfs.sha512
    fi
    cd -- "${OLDPWD}"
    _msg_info "Done!"
}

# GPG sign the root file system image.
_mksignature() {
    local airootfs_image_filename gpg_options=()
    _msg_info "Signing rootfs image..."
    if [[ -e "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}/airootfs.sfs" ]]; then
        airootfs_image_filename="${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}/airootfs.sfs"
    elif [[ -e "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}/airootfs.erofs" ]]; then
        airootfs_image_filename="${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/${arch}/airootfs.erofs"
    fi
    rm -f -- "${airootfs_image_filename}.sig"
    # Add gpg sender option if the value is provided
    [[ -z "${gpg_sender}" ]] || gpg_options+=('--sender' "${gpg_sender}")
    # always use the .sig file extension, as that is what mkinitcpio-archiso's hooks expect
    gpg --batch --no-armor --no-include-key-block --output "${airootfs_image_filename}.sig" --detach-sign \
        --default-key "${gpg_key}" "${gpg_options[@]}" "${airootfs_image_filename}"
    _msg_info "Done!"
}

# Helper function to run functions only one time.
# $1: function name
_run_once() {
    if [[ ! -e "${work_dir}/${run_once_mode}.${1}" ]]; then
        "$1"
        touch "${work_dir}/${run_once_mode}.${1}"
    fi
}

# Set up custom pacman.conf with custom cache and pacman hook directories.
_make_pacman_conf() {
    local _cache_dirs _system_cache_dirs _profile_cache_dirs
    _system_cache_dirs="$(pacman-conf CacheDir| tr '\n' ' ')"
    _profile_cache_dirs="$(pacman-conf --config "${pacman_conf}" CacheDir| tr '\n' ' ')"

    # Only use the profile's CacheDir, if it is not the default and not the same as the system cache dir.
    if [[ "${_profile_cache_dirs}" != "/var/cache/pacman/pkg" ]] && \
        [[ "${_system_cache_dirs}" != "${_profile_cache_dirs}" ]]; then
        _cache_dirs="${_profile_cache_dirs}"
    else
        _cache_dirs="${_system_cache_dirs}"
    fi

    _msg_info "Copying custom pacman.conf to work directory..."
    _msg_info "Using pacman CacheDir: ${_cache_dirs}"
    # take the profile pacman.conf and strip all settings that would break in chroot when using pacman -r
    # append CacheDir and HookDir to [options] section
    # HookDir is *always* set to the airootfs' override directory
    # see `man 8 pacman` for further info
    pacman-conf --config "${pacman_conf}" | \
        sed "/CacheDir/d;/DBPath/d;/HookDir/d;/LogFile/d;/RootDir/d;/\[options\]/a CacheDir = ${_cache_dirs}
        /\[options\]/a HookDir = ${pacstrap_dir}/etc/pacman.d/hooks/" > "${work_dir}/${buildmode}.pacman.conf"
}

# Prepare working directory and copy custom root file system files.
_make_custom_airootfs() {
    local passwd=()
    local filename permissions

    install -d -m 0755 -o 0 -g 0 -- "${pacstrap_dir}"

    if [[ -d "${profile}/airootfs" ]]; then
        _msg_info "Copying custom airootfs files..."
        cp -af --no-preserve=ownership,mode -- "${profile}/airootfs/." "${pacstrap_dir}"
        # Set ownership and mode for files and directories
        for filename in "${!file_permissions[@]}"; do
            IFS=':' read -ra permissions <<< "${file_permissions["${filename}"]}"
            # Prevent file path traversal outside of $pacstrap_dir
            if [[ "$(realpath -q -- "${pacstrap_dir}${filename}")" != "${pacstrap_dir}"* ]]; then
                _msg_error "Failed to set permissions on '${pacstrap_dir}${filename}'. Outside of valid path." 1
            # Warn if the file does not exist
            elif [[ ! -e "${pacstrap_dir}${filename}" ]]; then
                _msg_warning "Cannot change permissions of '${pacstrap_dir}${filename}'. The file or directory does not exist."
            else
                if [[ "${filename: -1}" == "/" ]]; then
                    chown -fhR -- "${permissions[0]}:${permissions[1]}" "${pacstrap_dir}${filename}"
                    chmod -fR -- "${permissions[2]}" "${pacstrap_dir}${filename}"
                else
                    chown -fh -- "${permissions[0]}:${permissions[1]}" "${pacstrap_dir}${filename}"
                    chmod -f -- "${permissions[2]}" "${pacstrap_dir}${filename}"
                fi
            fi
        done
        _msg_info "Done!"
    fi
}

# Install desired packages to the root file system
_make_packages() {
    _msg_info "Installing packages to '${pacstrap_dir}/'..."

    if [[ -n "${gpg_key}" ]]; then
        exec {ARCHISO_GNUPG_FD}<>"${work_dir}/pubkey.gpg"
        export ARCHISO_GNUPG_FD
    fi

    # Unset TMPDIR to work around https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/70580
    if [[ "${quiet}" = "y" ]]; then
        env -u TMPDIR pacstrap -C "${work_dir}/${buildmode}.pacman.conf" -c -G -M -- "${pacstrap_dir}" "${buildmode_pkg_list[@]}" &> /dev/null
    else
        env -u TMPDIR pacstrap -C "${work_dir}/${buildmode}.pacman.conf" -c -G -M -- "${pacstrap_dir}" "${buildmode_pkg_list[@]}"
    fi

    if [[ -n "${gpg_key}" ]]; then
        exec {ARCHISO_GNUPG_FD}<&-
        unset ARCHISO_GNUPG_FD
    fi

    _msg_info "Done! Packages installed successfully."
}

# Customize installation.
_make_customize_airootfs() {
    local passwd=()

    if [[ -e "${profile}/airootfs/etc/passwd" ]]; then
        _msg_info "Copying /etc/skel/* to user homes..."
        while IFS=':' read -a passwd -r; do
            # Only operate on UIDs in range 1000–59999
            (( passwd[2] >= 1000 && passwd[2] < 60000 )) || continue
            # Skip invalid home directories
            [[ "${passwd[5]}" == '/' ]] && continue
            [[ -z "${passwd[5]}" ]] && continue
            # Prevent path traversal outside of $pacstrap_dir
            if [[ "$(realpath -q -- "${pacstrap_dir}${passwd[5]}")" == "${pacstrap_dir}"* ]]; then
                if [[ ! -d "${pacstrap_dir}${passwd[5]}" ]]; then
                    install -d -m 0750 -o "${passwd[2]}" -g "${passwd[3]}" -- "${pacstrap_dir}${passwd[5]}"
                fi
                cp -dnRT --preserve=mode,timestamps,links -- "${pacstrap_dir}/etc/skel/." "${pacstrap_dir}${passwd[5]}"
                chmod -f 0750 -- "${pacstrap_dir}${passwd[5]}"
                chown -hR -- "${passwd[2]}:${passwd[3]}" "${pacstrap_dir}${passwd[5]}"
            else
                _msg_error "Failed to set permissions on '${pacstrap_dir}${passwd[5]}'. Outside of valid path." 1
            fi
        done < "${profile}/airootfs/etc/passwd"
        _msg_info "Done!"
    fi

    if [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}/root/customize_airootfs.sh" ]]; then
        _msg_info "Running customize_airootfs.sh in '${pacstrap_dir}' chroot..."
        _msg_warning "customize_airootfs.sh is deprecated! Support for it will be removed in a future archiso version."
        chmod -f -- +x "${pacstrap_dir}/root/customize_airootfs.sh"
        # Unset TMPDIR to work around https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/70580
        eval -- env -u TMPDIR arch-chroot "${pacstrap_dir}" "/root/customize_airootfs.sh"
        rm -- "${pacstrap_dir}/root/customize_airootfs.sh"
        _msg_info "Done! customize_airootfs.sh run successfully."
    fi
}

# Set up boot loaders
_make_bootmodes() {
    local bootmode
    for bootmode in "${bootmodes[@]}"; do
        _run_once "_make_bootmode_${bootmode}"
    done
}

# Copy kernel and initramfs to ISO 9660
_make_boot_on_iso9660() {
    local ucode_image
    _msg_info "Preparing kernel and initramfs for the ISO 9660 file system..."
    install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/boot/${arch}"
    install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/initramfs-"*".img" "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/boot/${arch}/"
    install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/vmlinuz-"* "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/boot/${arch}/"

    for ucode_image in "${ucodes[@]}"; do
        if [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/${ucode_image}" ]]; then
            install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/${ucode_image}" "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/boot/"
            if [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/share/licenses/${ucode_image%.*}/" ]]; then
                install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/boot/licenses/${ucode_image%.*}/"
                install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/share/licenses/${ucode_image%.*}/"* \
                    "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/boot/licenses/${ucode_image%.*}/"
            fi
        fi
    done
    _msg_info "Done!"
}

# Prepare syslinux for booting from MBR (isohybrid)
_make_bootmode_bios.syslinux.mbr() {
    _msg_info "Setting up SYSLINUX for BIOS booting from a disk..."
    install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/syslinux"
    for _cfg in "${profile}/syslinux/"*.cfg; do
        sed "s|%ARCHISO_LABEL%|${iso_label}|g;
             s|%INSTALL_DIR%|${install_dir}|g;
             s|%ARCH%|${arch}|g" \
             "${_cfg}" > "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/${_cfg##*/}"
    done
    if [[ -e "${profile}/syslinux/splash.png" ]]; then
        install -m 0644 -- "${profile}/syslinux/splash.png" "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/"
    fi
    install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/"*.c32 "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/"
    install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/lpxelinux.0" "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/"
    install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/memdisk" "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/"

    _run_once _make_boot_on_iso9660

    if [[ -e "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/hdt.c32" ]]; then
        install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/hdt"
        if [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids" ]]; then
            gzip -cn9 "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids" > \
                "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/hdt/pciids.gz"
        fi
        find "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/modules" -name 'modules.alias' -print -exec gzip -cn9 '{}' ';' -quit > \
            "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/hdt/modalias.gz"
    fi

    # Add other aditional/extra files to ${install_dir}/boot/
    if [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/memtest86+/memtest.bin" ]]; then
        # rename for PXE: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Syslinux#Using_memtest
        install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/memtest86+/memtest.bin" "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/boot/memtest"
        install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/boot/licenses/memtest86+/"
        install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/share/licenses/common/GPL2/license.txt" \
            "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/boot/licenses/memtest86+/"
    fi
    _msg_info "Done! SYSLINUX set up for BIOS booting from a disk successfully."
}

# Prepare syslinux for El-Torito booting
_make_bootmode_bios.syslinux.eltorito() {
    _msg_info "Setting up SYSLINUX for BIOS booting from an optical disc..."
    install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/syslinux"
    install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/isolinux.bin" "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/"
    install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/isohdpfx.bin" "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/"

    # ISOLINUX and SYSLINUX installation is shared
    _run_once _make_bootmode_bios.syslinux.mbr

    _msg_info "Done! SYSLINUX set up for BIOS booting from an optical disc successfully."
}

# Copy kernel and initramfs to FAT image
_make_boot_on_fat() {
    local ucode_image all_ucode_images=()
    _msg_info "Preparing kernel and initramfs for the FAT file system..."
    mmd -i "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" \
        "::/${install_dir}" "::/${install_dir}/boot" "::/${install_dir}/boot/${arch}"
    mcopy -i "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/vmlinuz-"* \
        "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/initramfs-"*".img" "::/${install_dir}/boot/${arch}/"
    for ucode_image in "${ucodes[@]}"; do
        if [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/${ucode_image}" ]]; then
            all_ucode_images+=("${pacstrap_dir}/boot/${ucode_image}")
        fi
    done
    if (( ${#all_ucode_images[@]} )); then
        mcopy -i "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" "${all_ucode_images[@]}" "::/${install_dir}/boot/"
    fi
    _msg_info "Done!"
}

# Create a FAT image (efiboot.img) which will serve as the EFI system partition
# $1: image size in bytes
_make_efibootimg() {
    local imgsize="0"

    # Convert from bytes to KiB and round up to the next full MiB with an additional MiB for reserved sectors.
    imgsize="$(awk 'function ceil(x){return int(x)+(x>int(x))}
            function byte_to_kib(x){return x/1024}
            function mib_to_kib(x){return x*1024}
            END {print mib_to_kib(ceil((byte_to_kib($1)+1024)/1024))}' <<< "${1}"
    )"
    # The FAT image must be created with mkfs.fat not mformat, as some systems have issues with mformat made images:
    # https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2019-04/msg00099.html
    rm -f -- "${work_dir}/efiboot.img"
    _msg_info "Creating FAT image of size: ${imgsize} KiB..."
    mkfs.fat -C -n ARCHISO_EFI "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" "${imgsize}"

    # Create the default/fallback boot path in which a boot loaders will be placed later.
    mmd -i "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" ::/EFI ::/EFI/BOOT
}

# Prepare system-boot for booting when written to a disk (isohybrid)
_make_bootmode_uefi-x64.systemd-boot.esp() {
    local _file efiboot_imgsize
    local _available_ucodes=()
    _msg_info "Setting up systemd-boot for UEFI booting..."

    for _file in "${ucodes[@]}"; do
        if [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/${_file}" ]]; then
            _available_ucodes+=("${pacstrap_dir}/boot/${_file}")
        fi
    done
    # Calculate the required FAT image size in bytes
    efiboot_imgsize="$(du -bc \
        "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi" \
        "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/share/edk2-shell/x64/Shell_Full.efi" \
        "${profile}/efiboot/" \
        "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/vmlinuz-"* \
        "${pacstrap_dir}/boot/initramfs-"*".img" \
        "${_available_ucodes[@]}" \
        2>/dev/null | awk 'END { print $1 }')"
    # Create a FAT image for the EFI system partition
    _make_efibootimg "$efiboot_imgsize"

    # Copy systemd-boot EFI binary to the default/fallback boot path
    mcopy -i "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" \
        "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi" ::/EFI/BOOT/BOOTx64.EFI

    # Copy systemd-boot configuration files
    mmd -i "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" ::/loader ::/loader/entries
    mcopy -i "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" "${profile}/efiboot/loader/loader.conf" ::/loader/
    for _conf in "${profile}/efiboot/loader/entries/"*".conf"; do
        sed "s|%ARCHISO_LABEL%|${iso_label}|g;
             s|%INSTALL_DIR%|${install_dir}|g;
             s|%ARCH%|${arch}|g" \
            "${_conf}" | mcopy -i "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" - "::/loader/entries/${_conf##*/}"
    done

    # shellx64.efi is picked up automatically when on /
    if [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/share/edk2-shell/x64/Shell_Full.efi" ]]; then
        mcopy -i "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" \
            "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/share/edk2-shell/x64/Shell_Full.efi" ::/shellx64.efi
    fi

    # Copy kernel and initramfs to FAT image.
    # systemd-boot can only access files from the EFI system partition it was launched from.
    _make_boot_on_fat

    _msg_info "Done! systemd-boot set up for UEFI booting successfully."
}

# Prepare system-boot for El Torito booting
_make_bootmode_uefi-x64.systemd-boot.eltorito() {
    # El Torito UEFI boot requires an image containing the EFI system partition.
    # uefi-x64.systemd-boot.eltorito has the same requirements as uefi-x64.systemd-boot.esp
    _run_once _make_bootmode_uefi-x64.systemd-boot.esp

    # Additionally set up system-boot in ISO 9660. This allows creating a medium for the live environment by using
    # manual partitioning and simply copying the ISO 9660 file system contents.
    # This is not related to El Torito booting and no firmware uses these files.
    _msg_info "Preparing an /EFI directory for the ISO 9660 file system..."
    install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/EFI/BOOT"

    # Copy systemd-boot EFI binary to the default/fallback boot path
    install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi" \
        "${isofs_dir}/EFI/BOOT/BOOTx64.EFI"

    # Copy systemd-boot configuration files
    install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/loader/entries"
    install -m 0644 -- "${profile}/efiboot/loader/loader.conf" "${isofs_dir}/loader/"
    for _conf in "${profile}/efiboot/loader/entries/"*".conf"; do
        sed "s|%ARCHISO_LABEL%|${iso_label}|g;
             s|%INSTALL_DIR%|${install_dir}|g;
             s|%ARCH%|${arch}|g" \
            "${_conf}" > "${isofs_dir}/loader/entries/${_conf##*/}"
    done

    # edk2-shell based UEFI shell
    # shellx64.efi is picked up automatically when on /
    if [[ -e "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/share/edk2-shell/x64/Shell_Full.efi" ]]; then
        install -m 0644 -- "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/share/edk2-shell/x64/Shell_Full.efi" "${isofs_dir}/shellx64.efi"
    fi

    _msg_info "Done!"
}

_validate_requirements_bootmode_bios.syslinux.mbr() {
    # bios.syslinux.mbr requires bios.syslinux.eltorito
    # shellcheck disable=SC2076
    if [[ ! " ${bootmodes[*]} " =~ ' bios.syslinux.eltorito ' ]]; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Using 'bios.syslinux.mbr' boot mode without 'bios.syslinux.eltorito' is not supported." 0
    fi

    # Check if the syslinux package is in the package list
    # shellcheck disable=SC2076
    if [[ ! " ${pkg_list[*]} " =~ ' syslinux ' ]]; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating '${bootmode}': The 'syslinux' package is missing from the package list!" 0
    fi

    # Check if syslinux configuration files exist
    if [[ ! -d "${profile}/syslinux" ]]; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating '${bootmode}': The '${profile}/syslinux' directory is missing!" 0
    else
        local cfgfile
        for cfgfile in "${profile}/syslinux/"*'.cfg'; do
            if [[ -e "${cfgfile}" ]]; then
                break
            else
                (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
                _msg_error "Validating '${bootmode}': No configuration file found in '${profile}/syslinux/'!" 0
            fi
        done
    fi

    # Check for optional packages
    # shellcheck disable=SC2076
    if [[ ! " ${pkg_list[*]} " =~ ' memtest86+ ' ]]; then
        _msg_info "Validating '${bootmode}': 'memtest86+' is not in the package list. Memmory testing will not be available from syslinux."
    fi
}

_validate_requirements_bootmode_bios.syslinux.eltorito() {
    # bios.syslinux.eltorito has the exact same requirements as bios.syslinux.mbr
    _validate_requirements_bootmode_bios.syslinux.mbr
}

_validate_requirements_bootmode_uefi-x64.systemd-boot.esp() {
    # Check if mkfs.fat is available
    if ! command -v mkfs.fat &> /dev/null; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating '${bootmode}': mkfs.fat is not available on this host. Install 'dosfstools'!" 0
    fi

    # Check if mmd and mcopy are available
    if ! { command -v mmd &> /dev/null && command -v mcopy &> /dev/null; }; then
        _msg_error "Validating '${bootmode}': mmd and/or mcopy are not available on this host. Install 'mtools'!" 0
    fi

    # Check if systemd-boot configuration files exist
    if [[ ! -d "${profile}/efiboot/loader/entries" ]]; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating '${bootmode}': The '${profile}/efiboot/loader/entries' directory is missing!" 0
    else
        if [[ ! -e "${profile}/efiboot/loader/loader.conf" ]]; then
            (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
            _msg_error "Validating '${bootmode}': File '${profile}/efiboot/loader/loader.conf' not found!" 0
        fi
        local conffile
        for conffile in "${profile}/efiboot/loader/entries/"*'.conf'; do
            if [[ -e "${conffile}" ]]; then
                break
            else
                (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
                _msg_error "Validating '${bootmode}': No configuration file found in '${profile}/efiboot/loader/entries/'!" 0
            fi
        done
    fi

    # Check for optional packages
    # shellcheck disable=SC2076
    if [[ ! " ${pkg_list[*]} " =~ ' edk2-shell ' ]]; then
        _msg_info "'edk2-shell' is not in the package list. The ISO will not contain a bootable UEFI shell."
    fi
}

_validate_requirements_bootmode_uefi-x64.systemd-boot.eltorito() {
    # uefi-x64.systemd-boot.eltorito has the exact same requirements as uefi-x64.systemd-boot.esp
    _validate_requirements_bootmode_uefi-x64.systemd-boot.esp
}

# Build airootfs filesystem image
_prepare_airootfs_image() {
    _run_once "_mkairootfs_${airootfs_image_type}"
    _mkchecksum
    if [[ -n "${gpg_key}" ]]; then
        _mksignature
    fi
}

# export build artifacts for netboot
_export_netboot_artifacts() {
    _msg_info "Exporting netboot artifacts..."
    install -d -m 0755 "${out_dir}"
    cp -a -- "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/" "${out_dir}/"
    _msg_info "Done!"
    du -h -- "${out_dir}/${install_dir}"
}

# sign build artifacts for netboot
_sign_netboot_artifacts() {
    local _file _dir
    local _files_to_sign=()
    _msg_info "Signing netboot artifacts..."
    _dir="${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/boot/"
    for _file in "${ucodes[@]}"; do
        if [[ -e "${_dir}${_file}" ]]; then
            _files_to_sign+=("${_dir}${_file}")
        fi
    done
    for _file in "${_files_to_sign[@]}" "${_dir}${arch}/vmlinuz-"* "${_dir}${arch}/initramfs-"*.img; do
        openssl cms \
            -sign \
            -binary \
            -noattr \
            -in "${_file}" \
            -signer "${cert_list[0]}" \
            -inkey "${cert_list[1]}" \
            -outform DER \
            -out "${_file}".ipxe.sig
    done
    _msg_info "Done!"
}

_validate_requirements_airootfs_image_type_squashfs() {
    if ! command -v mksquashfs &> /dev/null; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating '${airootfs_image_type}': mksquashfs is not available on this host. Install 'squashfs-tools'!" 0
    fi
}

_validate_requirements_airootfs_image_type_ext4+squashfs() {
    if ! { command -v mkfs.ext4 &> /dev/null && command -v tune2fs &> /dev/null; }; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating '${airootfs_image_type}': mkfs.ext4 and/or tune2fs is not available on this host. Install 'e2fsprogs'!" 0
    fi
    _validate_requirements_airootfs_image_type_squashfs
}

_validate_requirements_airootfs_image_type_erofs() {
    if ! command -v mkfs.erofs; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating '${airootfs_image_type}': mkfs.erofs is not available on this host. Install 'erofs-utils'!" 0
    fi
}

_validate_requirements_buildmode_all() {
    if ! command -v pacman &> /dev/null; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating build mode '${_buildmode}': pacman is not available on this host. Install 'pacman'!" 0
    fi
    if ! command -v find &> /dev/null; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating build mode '${_buildmode}': find is not available on this host. Install 'findutils'!" 0
    fi
    if ! command -v gzip &> /dev/null; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating build mode '${_buildmode}': gzip is not available on this host. Install 'gzip'!" 0
    fi
}

_validate_requirements_buildmode_bootstrap() {
    _validate_requirements_buildmode_all
    if ! command -v bsdtar &> /dev/null; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating build mode '${_buildmode}': bsdtar is not available on this host. Install 'libarchive'!" 0
    fi
}

_validate_requirements_buildmode_iso() {
    _validate_requirements_buildmode_all
    if ! command -v awk &> /dev/null; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating build mode '${_buildmode}': awk is not available on this host. Install 'awk'!" 0
    fi
}

_validate_requirements_buildmode_netboot() {
    _validate_requirements_buildmode_all
    if ! command -v openssl &> /dev/null; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Validating build mode '${_buildmode}': openssl is not available on this host. Install 'openssl'!" 0
    fi
}

# SYSLINUX El Torito
_add_xorrisofs_options_bios.syslinux.eltorito() {
    xorrisofs_options+=(
        # El Torito boot image for x86 BIOS
        '-eltorito-boot' 'syslinux/isolinux.bin'
        # El Torito boot catalog file
        '-eltorito-catalog' 'syslinux/boot.cat'
        # Required options to boot with ISOLINUX
        '-no-emul-boot' '-boot-load-size' '4' '-boot-info-table'
    )
}

# SYSLINUX MBR (isohybrid)
_add_xorrisofs_options_bios.syslinux.mbr() {
    xorrisofs_options+=(
        # SYSLINUX MBR bootstrap code; does not work without "-eltorito-boot syslinux/isolinux.bin"
        '-isohybrid-mbr' "${isofs_dir}/syslinux/isohdpfx.bin"
        # When GPT is used, create an additional partition in the MBR (besides 0xEE) for sectors 0–1 (MBR
        # bootstrap code area) and mark it as bootable
        # May allow booting on some systems
        # https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Partitioning#Tricking_old_BIOS_into_booting_from_GPT
        '--mbr-force-bootable'
        # Move the first partition away from the start of the ISO to match the expectations of partition editors
        # May allow booting on some systems
        # https://dev.lovelyhq.com/libburnia/libisoburn/src/branch/master/doc/partition_offset.wiki
        '-partition_offset' '16'
    )
}

# systemd-boot in an attached EFI system partition
_add_xorrisofs_options_uefi-x64.systemd-boot.esp() {
    # Move the first partition away from the start of the ISO, otherwise the GPT will not be valid and ISO 9660
    # partition will not be mountable
    # shellcheck disable=SC2076
    [[ " ${xorrisofs_options[*]} " =~ ' -partition_offset ' ]] || xorrisofs_options+=('-partition_offset' '16')
    # Attach efiboot.img as a second partition and set its partition type to "EFI system partition"
    xorrisofs_options+=('-append_partition' '2' 'C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B' "${work_dir}/efiboot.img")
    # Ensure GPT is used as some systems do not support UEFI booting without it
    # shellcheck disable=SC2076
    if [[ " ${bootmodes[*]} " =~ ' bios.syslinux.mbr ' ]]; then
        # A valid GPT prevents BIOS booting on some systems, instead use an invalid GPT (without a protective MBR).
        # The attached partition will have the EFI system partition type code in MBR, but in the invalid GPT it will
        # have a Microsoft basic partition type code.
        if [[ ! " ${bootmodes[*]} " =~ ' uefi-x64.systemd-boot.eltorito ' ]]; then
            # If '-isohybrid-gpt-basdat' is specified before '-e', then the appended EFI system partition will have the
            # EFI system partition type ID/GUID in both MBR and GPT. If '-isohybrid-gpt-basdat' is specified after '-e',
            # the appended EFI system partition will have the Microsoft basic data type GUID in GPT.
            if [[ ! " ${xorrisofs_options[*]} " =~ ' -isohybrid-gpt-basdat ' ]]; then
                xorrisofs_options+=('-isohybrid-gpt-basdat')
            fi
        fi
    else
        # Use valid GPT if BIOS booting support will not be required
        xorrisofs_options+=('-appended_part_as_gpt')
    fi
}

# systemd-boot via El Torito
_add_xorrisofs_options_uefi-x64.systemd-boot.eltorito() {
    # shellcheck disable=SC2076
    if [[ " ${bootmodes[*]} " =~ ' uefi-x64.systemd-boot.esp ' ]]; then
        # systemd-boot in an attached EFI system partition via El Torito
        xorrisofs_options+=(
            # Start a new El Torito boot entry for UEFI
            '-eltorito-alt-boot'
            # Set the second partition as the El Torito UEFI boot image
            '-e' '--interval:appended_partition_2:all::'
            # Boot image is not emulating floppy or hard disk; required for all known boot loaders
            '-no-emul-boot'
        )
        # A valid GPT prevents BIOS booting on some systems, use an invalid GPT instead.
        if [[ " ${bootmodes[*]} " =~ ' bios.syslinux.mbr ' ]]; then
            # If '-isohybrid-gpt-basdat' is specified before '-e', then the appended EFI system partition will have the
            # EFI system partition type ID/GUID in both MBR and GPT. If '-isohybrid-gpt-basdat' is specified after '-e',
            # the appended EFI system partition will have the Microsoft basic data type GUID in GPT.
            if [[ ! " ${xorrisofs_options[*]} " =~ ' -isohybrid-gpt-basdat ' ]]; then
                xorrisofs_options+=('-isohybrid-gpt-basdat')
            fi
        fi
    else
        # The ISO will not contain a GPT partition table, so to be able to reference efiboot.img, place it as a
        # file inside the ISO 9660 file system
        install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/EFI/archiso"
        cp -a -- "${work_dir}/efiboot.img" "${isofs_dir}/EFI/archiso/efiboot.img"
        # systemd-boot in an embedded efiboot.img via El Torito
        xorrisofs_options+=(
            # Start a new El Torito boot entry for UEFI
            '-eltorito-alt-boot'
            # Set efiboot.img as the El Torito UEFI boot image
            '-e' 'EFI/archiso/efiboot.img'
            # Boot image is not emulating floppy or hard disk; required for all known boot loaders
            '-no-emul-boot'
        )
    fi
    # Specify where to save the El Torito boot catalog file in case it is not already set by bios.syslinux.eltorito
    # shellcheck disable=SC2076
    [[ " ${bootmodes[*]} " =~ ' bios.' ]] || xorrisofs_options+=('-eltorito-catalog' 'EFI/boot.cat')
}

# Build bootstrap image
_build_bootstrap_image() {
    local _bootstrap_parent
    _bootstrap_parent="$(dirname -- "${pacstrap_dir}")"

    [[ -d "${out_dir}" ]] || install -d -- "${out_dir}"

    cd -- "${_bootstrap_parent}"

    _msg_info "Creating bootstrap image..."
    bsdtar -cf - "root.${arch}" | gzip -cn9 > "${out_dir}/${image_name}"
    _msg_info "Done!"
    du -h -- "${out_dir}/${image_name}"
    cd -- "${OLDPWD}"
}

# Build ISO
_build_iso_image() {
    local xorrisofs_options=()
    local bootmode

    [[ -d "${out_dir}" ]] || install -d -- "${out_dir}"

    [[ "${quiet}" == "y" ]] && xorrisofs_options+=('-quiet')

    # Add required xorrisofs options for each boot mode
    for bootmode in "${bootmodes[@]}"; do
        typeset -f "_add_xorrisofs_options_${bootmode}" &> /dev/null && "_add_xorrisofs_options_${bootmode}"
    done

    rm -f -- "${out_dir}/${image_name}"
    _msg_info "Creating ISO image..."
    xorriso -as mkisofs \
            -iso-level 3 \
            -full-iso9660-filenames \
            -joliet \
            -joliet-long \
            -rational-rock \
            -volid "${iso_label}" \
            -appid "${iso_application}" \
            -publisher "${iso_publisher}" \
            -preparer "prepared by ${app_name}" \
            "${xorrisofs_options[@]}" \
            -output "${out_dir}/${image_name}" \
            "${isofs_dir}/"
    _msg_info "Done!"
    du -h -- "${out_dir}/${image_name}"
}

# Read profile's values from profiledef.sh
_read_profile() {
    if [[ -z "${profile}" ]]; then
        _msg_error "No profile specified!" 1
    fi
    if [[ ! -d "${profile}" ]]; then
        _msg_error "Profile '${profile}' does not exist!" 1
    elif [[ ! -e "${profile}/profiledef.sh" ]]; then
        _msg_error "Profile '${profile}' is missing 'profiledef.sh'!" 1
    else
        cd -- "${profile}"

        # Source profile's variables
        # shellcheck source=configs/releng/profiledef.sh
        . "${profile}/profiledef.sh"

        # Resolve paths of files that are expected to reside in the profile's directory
        [[ -n "$packages" ]] || packages="${profile}/packages.${arch}"
        packages="$(realpath -- "${packages}")"
        pacman_conf="$(realpath -- "${pacman_conf}")"

        # Resolve paths of files that may reside in the profile's directory
        if [[ -z "$bootstrap_packages" ]] && [[ -e "${profile}/bootstrap_packages.${arch}" ]]; then
            bootstrap_packages="${profile}/bootstrap_packages.${arch}"
            bootstrap_packages="$(realpath -- "${bootstrap_packages}")"
            pacman_conf="$(realpath -- "${pacman_conf}")"
        fi

        cd -- "${OLDPWD}"
    fi
}

# Validate set options
_validate_options() {
    local validation_error=0 bootmode _cert _buildmode
    local pkg_list_from_file=()
    local bootstrap_pkg_list_from_file=()
    local _override_cert_list=()

    _msg_info "Validating options..."
    # Check if the package list file exists and read packages from it
    if [[ -e "${packages}" ]]; then
        mapfile -t pkg_list_from_file < <(sed '/^[[:blank:]]*#.*/d;s/#.*//;/^[[:blank:]]*$/d' "${packages}")
        pkg_list+=("${pkg_list_from_file[@]}")
        if (( ${#pkg_list_from_file} < 1 )); then
            (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
            _msg_error "No package specified in '${packages}'." 0
        fi
    else
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Packages file '${packages}' does not exist." 0
    fi

    # Check if packages for the bootstrap image are specified
    if [[ "${buildmodes[*]}" == *bootstrap* ]]; then
        if [[ -e "${bootstrap_packages}" ]]; then
            mapfile -t bootstrap_pkg_list_from_file < \
                <(sed '/^[[:blank:]]*#.*/d;s/#.*//;/^[[:blank:]]*$/d' "${bootstrap_packages}")
            bootstrap_pkg_list+=("${bootstrap_pkg_list_from_file[@]}")
            if (( ${#bootstrap_pkg_list_from_file} < 1 )); then
                (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
                _msg_error "No package specified in '${bootstrap_packages}'." 0
            fi
        else
            (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
            _msg_error "Bootstrap packages file '${bootstrap_packages}' does not exist." 0
        fi
    fi
    if [[ "${sign_netboot_artifacts}" == "y" ]]; then
        # Check if the certificate files exist
        for _cert in "${cert_list[@]}"; do
            if [[ -e "${_cert}" ]]; then
                _override_cert_list+=("$(realpath -- "${_cert}")")
            else
                (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
                _msg_error "File '${_cert}' does not exist." 0
            fi
        done
        cert_list=("${_override_cert_list[@]}")
        # Check if there are at least two certificate files
        if (( "${#cert_list[@]}" < 2 )); then
            (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
            _msg_error "Two certificates are required for codesigning, but '${cert_list[*]}' is provided." 0
        fi
    fi
    # Check if pacman configuration file exists
    if [[ ! -e "${pacman_conf}" ]]; then
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "File '${pacman_conf}' does not exist." 0
    fi

    # Check if the specified buildmodes are supported
    for _buildmode in "${buildmodes[@]}"; do
        if typeset -f "_build_buildmode_${_buildmode}" &> /dev/null; then
            if typeset -f "_validate_requirements_buildmode_${_buildmode}" &> /dev/null; then
                "_validate_requirements_buildmode_${_buildmode}"
            else
                _msg_warning "Function '_validate_requirements_buildmode_${_buildmode}' does not exist. Validating the requirements of '${_buildmode}' build mode will not be possible."
            fi
        else
            (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
            _msg_error "${_buildmode} is not a valid build mode!" 0
        fi
    done

    # Check if the specified bootmodes are supported
    for bootmode in "${bootmodes[@]}"; do
        if typeset -f "_make_bootmode_${bootmode}" &> /dev/null; then
            if typeset -f "_validate_requirements_bootmode_${bootmode}" &> /dev/null; then
                "_validate_requirements_bootmode_${bootmode}"
            else
                _msg_warning "Function '_validate_requirements_bootmode_${bootmode}' does not exist. Validating the requirements of '${bootmode}' boot mode will not be possible."
            fi
        else
            (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
            _msg_error "${bootmode} is not a valid boot mode!" 0
        fi
    done
    # Check if the specified airootfs_image_type is supported
    if typeset -f "_mkairootfs_${airootfs_image_type}" &> /dev/null; then
        if typeset -f "_validate_requirements_airootfs_image_type_${airootfs_image_type}" &> /dev/null; then
            "_validate_requirements_airootfs_image_type_${airootfs_image_type}"
        else
            _msg_warning "Function '_validate_requirements_airootfs_image_type_${airootfs_image_type}' does not exist. Validating the requirements of '${airootfs_image_type}' airootfs image type will not be possible."
        fi
    else
        (( validation_error=validation_error+1 ))
        _msg_error "Unsupported image type: '${airootfs_image_type}'" 0
    fi

    if (( validation_error )); then
        _msg_error "${validation_error} errors were encountered while validating the profile. Aborting." 1
    fi
    _msg_info "Done!"
}

# Set defaults and, if present, overrides from mkarchiso command line option parameters
_set_overrides() {
    # Set variables that have command line overrides
    [[ ! -v override_buildmodes ]] || buildmodes=("${override_buildmodes[@]}")
    if (( "${#buildmodes[@]}" < 1 )); then
        buildmodes+=('iso')
    fi
    if [[ -v override_work_dir ]]; then
        work_dir="$override_work_dir"
    elif [[ -z "$work_dir" ]]; then
        work_dir='./work'
    fi
    work_dir="$(realpath -- "$work_dir")"
    if [[ -v override_out_dir ]]; then
        out_dir="$override_out_dir"
    elif [[ -z "$out_dir" ]]; then
        out_dir='./out'
    fi
    out_dir="$(realpath -- "$out_dir")"
    if [[ -v override_pacman_conf ]]; then
        pacman_conf="$override_pacman_conf"
    elif [[ -z "$pacman_conf" ]]; then
        pacman_conf="/etc/pacman.conf"
    fi
    pacman_conf="$(realpath -- "$pacman_conf")"
    [[ ! -v override_pkg_list ]] || pkg_list+=("${override_pkg_list[@]}")
    # TODO: allow overriding bootstrap_pkg_list
    if [[ -v override_iso_label ]]; then
        iso_label="$override_iso_label"
    elif [[ -z "$iso_label" ]]; then
        iso_label="${app_name^^}"
    fi
    if [[ -v override_iso_publisher ]]; then
        iso_publisher="$override_iso_publisher"
    elif [[ -z "$iso_publisher" ]]; then
        iso_publisher="${app_name}"
    fi
    if [[ -v override_iso_application ]]; then
        iso_application="$override_iso_application"
    elif [[ -z "$iso_application" ]]; then
        iso_application="${app_name} iso"
    fi
    if [[ -v override_install_dir ]]; then
        install_dir="$override_install_dir"
    elif [[ -z "$install_dir" ]]; then
        install_dir="${app_name}"
    fi
    [[ ! -v override_gpg_key ]] || gpg_key="$override_gpg_key"
    [[ ! -v override_gpg_sender ]] || gpg_sender="$override_gpg_sender"
    if [[ -v override_cert_list ]]; then
        sign_netboot_artifacts="y"
    fi
    [[ ! -v override_cert_list ]] || cert_list+=("${override_cert_list[@]}")
    if [[ -v override_quiet ]]; then
        quiet="$override_quiet"
    elif [[ -z "$quiet" ]]; then
        quiet="y"
    fi

    # Set variables that do not have overrides
    [[ -n "$arch" ]] || arch="$(uname -m)"
    [[ -n "$airootfs_image_type" ]] || airootfs_image_type="squashfs"
    [[ -n "$iso_name" ]] || iso_name="${app_name}"
}

_export_gpg_publickey() {
    rm -f -- "${work_dir}/pubkey.gpg"
    gpg --batch --no-armor --output "${work_dir}/pubkey.gpg" --export "${gpg_key}"
}

_make_version() {
    local _os_release

    _msg_info "Creating version files..."
    # Write version file to system installation dir
    rm -f -- "${pacstrap_dir}/version"
    printf '%s\n' "${iso_version}" > "${pacstrap_dir}/version"

    if [[ "${buildmode}" == @("iso"|"netboot") ]]; then
        install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}"
        # Write version file to ISO 9660
        printf '%s\n' "${iso_version}" > "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/version"
        # Write grubenv with version information to ISO 9660
        printf '%.1024s' "$(printf '# GRUB Environment Block\nNAME=%s\nVERSION=%s\n%s' \
            "${iso_name}" "${iso_version}" "$(printf '%0.1s' "#"{1..1024})")" \
            > "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/grubenv"
    fi

    # Append IMAGE_ID & IMAGE_VERSION to os-release
    _os_release="$(realpath -- "${pacstrap_dir}/etc/os-release")"
    if [[ ! -e "${pacstrap_dir}/etc/os-release" && -e "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/os-release" ]]; then
        _os_release="$(realpath -- "${pacstrap_dir}/usr/lib/os-release")"
    fi
    if [[ "${_os_release}" != "${pacstrap_dir}"* ]]; then
        _msg_warning "os-release file '${_os_release}' is outside of valid path."
    else
        [[ ! -e "${_os_release}" ]] || sed -i '/^IMAGE_ID=/d;/^IMAGE_VERSION=/d' "${_os_release}"
        printf 'IMAGE_ID=%s\nIMAGE_VERSION=%s\n' "${iso_name}" "${iso_version}" >> "${_os_release}"
    fi
    _msg_info "Done!"
}

_make_pkglist() {
    _msg_info "Creating a list of installed packages on live-enviroment..."
    case "${buildmode}" in
        "bootstrap")
            pacman -Q --sysroot "${pacstrap_dir}" > "${pacstrap_dir}/pkglist.${arch}.txt"
            ;;
        "iso"|"netboot")
            install -d -m 0755 -- "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}"
            pacman -Q --sysroot "${pacstrap_dir}" > "${isofs_dir}/${install_dir}/pkglist.${arch}.txt"
            ;;
    esac
    _msg_info "Done!"
}

# build the base for an ISO and/or a netboot target
_build_iso_base() {
    local run_once_mode="base"
    local buildmode_packages="${packages}"
    # Set the package list to use
    local buildmode_pkg_list=("${pkg_list[@]}")
    # Set up essential directory paths
    pacstrap_dir="${work_dir}/${arch}/airootfs"
    isofs_dir="${work_dir}/iso"

    # Create working directory
    [[ -d "${work_dir}" ]] || install -d -- "${work_dir}"
    # Write build date to file or if the file exists, read it from there
    if [[ -e "${work_dir}/build_date" ]]; then
        SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH="$(<"${work_dir}/build_date")"
    else
        printf '%s\n' "$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH" > "${work_dir}/build_date"
    fi

    [[ "${quiet}" == "y" ]] || _show_config
    _run_once _make_pacman_conf
    [[ -z "${gpg_key}" ]] || _run_once _export_gpg_publickey
    _run_once _make_custom_airootfs
    _run_once _make_packages
    _run_once _make_version
    _run_once _make_customize_airootfs
    _run_once _make_pkglist
    _make_bootmodes
    _run_once _cleanup_pacstrap_dir
    _run_once _prepare_airootfs_image
}

# Build the bootstrap buildmode
_build_buildmode_bootstrap() {
    local image_name="${iso_name}-bootstrap-${iso_version}-${arch}.tar.gz"
    local run_once_mode="${buildmode}"
    local buildmode_packages="${bootstrap_packages}"
    # Set the package list to use
    local buildmode_pkg_list=("${bootstrap_pkg_list[@]}")

    # Set up essential directory paths
    pacstrap_dir="${work_dir}/${arch}/bootstrap/root.${arch}"
    [[ -d "${work_dir}" ]] || install -d -- "${work_dir}"
    install -d -m 0755 -o 0 -g 0 -- "${pacstrap_dir}"

    [[ "${quiet}" == "y" ]] || _show_config
    _run_once _make_pacman_conf
    _run_once _make_packages
    _run_once _make_version
    _run_once _make_pkglist
    _run_once _cleanup_pacstrap_dir
    _run_once _build_bootstrap_image
}

# Build the netboot buildmode
_build_buildmode_netboot() {
    local run_once_mode="${buildmode}"

    _build_iso_base
    if [[ -v cert_list ]]; then
        _run_once _sign_netboot_artifacts
    fi
    _run_once _export_netboot_artifacts
}

# Build the ISO buildmode
_build_buildmode_iso() {
    local image_name="${iso_name}-${iso_version}-${arch}.iso"
    local run_once_mode="${buildmode}"
    _build_iso_base
    _run_once _build_iso_image
}

# build all buildmodes
_build() {
    local buildmode
    local run_once_mode="build"

    for buildmode in "${buildmodes[@]}"; do
        _run_once "_build_buildmode_${buildmode}"
    done
}

while getopts 'c:p:C:L:P:A:D:w:m:o:g:G:vh?' arg; do
    case "${arg}" in
        p) read -r -a override_pkg_list <<< "${OPTARG}" ;;
        C) override_pacman_conf="${OPTARG}" ;;
        L) override_iso_label="${OPTARG}" ;;
        P) override_iso_publisher="${OPTARG}" ;;
        A) override_iso_application="${OPTARG}" ;;
        D) override_install_dir="${OPTARG}" ;;
        c) read -r -a override_cert_list <<< "${OPTARG}" ;;
        w) override_work_dir="${OPTARG}" ;;
        m) read -r -a override_buildmodes <<< "${OPTARG}" ;;
        o) override_out_dir="${OPTARG}" ;;
        g) override_gpg_key="${OPTARG}" ;;
        G) override_gpg_sender="${OPTARG}" ;;
        v) override_quiet="n" ;;
        h|?) _usage 0 ;;
        *)
            _msg_error "Invalid argument '${arg}'" 0
            _usage 1
            ;;
    esac
done

shift $((OPTIND - 1))

if (( $# < 1 )); then
    _msg_error "No profile specified" 0
    _usage 1
fi

if (( EUID != 0 )); then
    _msg_error "${app_name} must be run as root." 1
fi

# get the absolute path representation of the first non-option argument
profile="$(realpath -- "${1}")"

_read_profile
_set_overrides
_validate_options
_build

# vim:ts=4:sw=4:et: