path: root/doc/pacman.8

.TH pacman 8 "January 21, 2006" "pacman @PACKAGE_VERSION@" ""
.SH NAME
pacman \- package manager utility
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBpacman  <operation> [options] <package> [package] ...\fP
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBpacman\fP is a \fIpackage management\fP utility that tracks installed
packages on a linux system.  It has simple dependency support and the ability
to connect to a remote ftp server and automatically upgrade packages on
the local system.  pacman package are \fIgzipped tar\fP format.
.SH OPERATIONS
.TP
.B "\-A, \-\-add"
Add a package to the system.  Package will be uncompressed
into the installation root and the database will be updated.
.TP
.B "\-F, \-\-freshen"
This is like --upgrade except that, unlike --upgrade, this will only
upgrade packages that are already installed on your system.
.TP
.B "\-Q, \-\-query"
Query the package database.  This operation allows you to
view installed packages and their files, as well as meta-info
about individual packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date,
build date, size).  This can be run against the local package
database or can be used on individual .tar.gz packages.  See
\fBQUERY OPTIONS\fP below.
.TP
.B "\-R, \-\-remove"
Remove a package from the system.  Files belonging to the
specified package will be deleted, and the database will
be updated.  Most configuration files will be saved with a
\fI.pacsave\fP extension unless the \fB--nosave\fP option was
used.
.TP
.B "\-S, \-\-sync"
Synchronize packages.  With this function you can install packages
directly from the ftp servers, complete with all dependencies required
to run the packages.  For example, \fBpacman -S qt\fP will download
qt and all the packages it depends on and install them. You could also use
\fBpacman -Su\fP to upgrade all packages that are out of date (see below).
.TP
.B "\-U, \-\-upgrade"
Upgrade a package.  This is essentially a "remove-then-add"
process.  See \fBHANDLING CONFIG FILES\fP for an explanation
on how pacman takes care of config files.
.TP
.B "\-V, \-\-version"
Display version and exit.
.TP
.B "\-h, \-\-help"
Display syntax for the given operation.  If no operation was
supplied then the general syntax is shown.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B "\-d, \-\-nodeps"
Skips all dependency checks.  Normally, pacman will always check
a package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are
installed and there are no package conflicts in the system.  This
switch disables these checks.
.TP
.B "\-f, \-\-force"
Bypass file conflict checks, overwriting conflicting files.  If the
package that is about to be installed contains files that are already
installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten.
This option should be used with care, ideally not at all.
.TP
.B "\-r, \-\-root <path>"
Specify alternative installation root (default is "/"). This
should \fInot\fP be used as a way to install software into
e.g. /usr/local instead of /usr. Instead this should be used
if you want to install a package on a temporary mounted partition,
which is "owned" by another system. By using this option you not only
specify where the software should be installed, but you also
specify which package database to use.
.TP
.B "\-v, \-\-verbose"
Output more status and error messages.
.TP
.B "\-\-config <path>"
Specify an alternate configuration file.
.TP
.B "\-\-noconfirm"
Bypass any and all "Are you sure?" messages.  It's not a good idea to do this
unless you want to run pacman from a script.
.TP
.B "\-\-noprogressbar"
Do not show a progress bar when downloading files.  This can be useful for
scripts that call pacman and capture the output.
.SH SYNC OPTIONS
.TP
.B "\-c, \-\-clean"
Remove old packages from the cache.  When pacman downloads packages,
it saves them in \fI/var/cache/pacman/pkg\fP.  If you need to free up
diskspace, you can remove these packages by using the --clean option.
Using one --clean (or -c) switch will only remove \fIold\fP packages.
Use it twice to remove \fIall\fP packages from the cache.
.TP
.B "\-g, \-\-groups"
Display all the members for each package group specified.  If no group
names are provided, all groups will be listed.
.TP
.B "\-i, \-\-info"
Display dependency information for a given package.  This will search
through all repositories for a matching package and display the
dependencies, conflicts, etc.
.TP
.B "\-l, \-\-list"
List all files in the specified repositories.  Multiple repositories can
be specified on the command line.
.TP
.B "\-p, \-\-print-uris"
Print out URIs for each package that will be installed, including any
dependencies that have yet to be installed.  These can be piped to a
file and downloaded at a later time, using a program like wget.
.TP
.B "\-s, \-\-search <regexp>"
This will search each package in the package list for names or descriptions
that matches <regexp>.
.TP
.B "\-u, \-\-sysupgrade"
Upgrades all packages that are out of date.  pacman will examine every
package installed on the system, and if a newer package exists on the
server it will upgrade.  pacman will present a report of all packages
it wants to upgrade and will not proceed without user confirmation.
Dependencies are automatically resolved at this level and will be
installed/upgraded if necessary.
.TP
.B "\-w, \-\-downloadonly"
Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade anything.
.TP
.B "\-y, \-\-refresh"
Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the ftp server
defined in \fI/etc/pacman.conf\fP.  This should typically be used each
time you use \fB--sysupgrade\fP.
.TP
.B "\-\-ignore <pkg>"
This option functions exactly the same as the \fBIgnorePkg\fP configuration
directive.  Sometimes it can be handy to skip some package updates without
having to edit \fIpacman.conf\fP each time.
.SH REMOVE OPTIONS
.TP
.B "\-c, \-\-cascade"
Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one
or more target packages.  This operation is recursive.
.TP
.B "\-k, \-\-keep"
Removes the database entry only.  Leaves all files in place.
.TP
.B "\-n, \-\-nosave"
Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations.  Normally, when
a file is about to be \fIremoved\fP from the system the database is first
checked to see if the file should be renamed to a .pacsave extension.  If
\fB--nosave\fP is used, these designations are ignored and the files are
removed.
.TP
.B "\-s, \-\-recursive"
For each target specified, remove it and all its dependencies, provided
that (A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not
explicitly installed by the user.
This option is analagous to a backwards --sync operation.
.SH QUERY OPTIONS
.TP
.B "\-e, \-\-orphans"
List all packages that were explicitly installed (ie, not pulled in
as a dependency by other packages) and are not required by any other
packages.
.TP
.B "\-g, \-\-groups"
Display all package members of a named group, or all grouped packages if
no name is specified.
.TP
.B "\-i, \-\-info"
Display information on a given package.  If it is used with the \fB-p\fP
option then the .PKGINFO file will be printed.
.TP
.B "\-l, \-\-list"
List all files owned by <package>.  Multiple packages can be specified on
the command line.
.TP
.B "\-m, \-\-foreign"
List all packages that were not found in the sync database(s). Typically these
are packages that were downloaded manually and installed with --add.
.TP
.B "\-o, \-\-owns <file>"
Search for the package that owns <file>.
.TP
.B "\-p, \-\-file"
Tells pacman that the package supplied on the command line is a
file, not an entry in the database.  Pacman will decompress the
file and query it.  This is useful with \fB--info\fP and \fB--list\fP.
.TP
.B "\-s, \-\-search <regexp>"
This will search each locally-installed package for names or descriptions
that matches <regexp>.
.SH HANDLING CONFIG FILES
pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files
that are designated to be backed up.  During an upgrade, it uses 3
md5 hashes for each backup file to determine the required action:
one for the original file installed, one for the new file that's about
to be installed, and one for the actual file existing on the filesystem.
After comparing these 3 hashes, the follow scenarios can result:
.TP
original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBX\fP, new=\fBX\fP
All three files are the same, so we win either way.  Install the new file.
.TP
original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBX\fP, new=\fBY\fP
The current file is un-altered from the original but the new one is
different.  Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new
one may contain improvements/bugfixes, we install the new file.
.TP
original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBX\fP
Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one
on the filesystem has been modified since.  In this case, we leave
the current file in place.
.TP
original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBY\fP
The new one is identical to the current one.  Win win.  Install the new file.
.TP
original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBZ\fP
All three files are different, so we install the new file with a .pacnew
extension and warn the user, so she can manually move the file into place
after making any necessary customizations.
.SH CONFIGURATION
pacman will attempt to read \fI/etc/pacman.conf\fP each time it is invoked.  This
configuration file is divided into sections or \fIrepositories\fP.  Each section
defines a package repository that pacman can use when searching for packages in
--sync mode.  The exception to this is the \fIoptions\fP section, which defines
global options.
.TP
.SH Example:
.RS
.nf
[options]
NoUpgrade = etc/passwd etc/group etc/shadow
NoUpgrade = etc/fstab

Include = /etc/pacman.d/current

[custom]
Server = file:///home/pkgs

.fi
.RE
.SH CONFIG: OPTIONS
.TP
.B "DBPath = path/to/db/dir"
Overrides the default location of the toplevel database directory.  The default is
\fIvar/lib/pacman\fP.
.B "CacheDir = path/to/cache/dir"
Overrides the default location of the package cache directory.  The default is
\fIvar/cache/pacman\fP.
.TP
.TP
.B "HoldPkg = <package> [package] ..."
If a user tries to \fB--remove\fP a package that's listed in HoldPkg, pacman
will ask for confirmation before proceeding.
.TP
.B "IgnorePkg = <package> [package] ..."
Instructs pacman to ignore any upgrades for this package when performing a
\fB--sysupgrade\fP.
.TP
.B "Include = <path>"
Include another config file.  This config file can include repositories or
general configuration options.
.TP
.B "ProxyServer = <host|ip>[:port]"
If set, pacman will use this proxy server for all ftp/http transfers.
.TP
.B "XferCommand = /path/to/command %u"
If set, pacman will use this external program to download all remote files.
All instances of \fB%u\fP will be replaced with the URL to be downloaded.  If
present, instances of \fB%o\fP will be replaced with the local filename, plus a
".part" extension, which allows programs like wget to do file resumes properly.

This option is useful for users who experience problems with pacman's built-in http/ftp
support, or need the more advanced proxy support that comes with utilities like
wget.
.TP
.B "NoPassiveFtp"
Disables passive ftp connections when downloading packages. (aka Active Mode)
.TP
.B "NoUpgrade = <file> [file] ..."
All files listed with a \fBNoUpgrade\fP directive will never be touched during a package
install/upgrade.  \fINote:\fP do not include the leading slash when specifying files.
.TP
.B "NoExtract = <file> [file] ..."
All files listed with a \fBNoExtract\fP directive will never be extracted from
a package into the filesystem.  This can be useful when you don't want part of
a package to be installed.  For example, if your httpd root uses an index.php,
then you would not want the index.html file to be extracted from the apache
package.
.TP
.B "UseSyslog"
Log action messages through syslog().  This will insert pacman log entries into your
/var/log/messages or equivalent.
.TP
.B "LogFile = /path/to/file"
Log actions directly to a file, usually /var/log/pacman.log.

.SH CONFIG: REPOSITORIES
Each repository section defines a section name and at least one location where the packages
can be found.  The section name is defined by the string within square brackets (eg, the two
above are 'current' and 'custom').  Locations are defined with the \fIServer\fP directive and
follow a URL naming structure.  Currently only ftp is supported for remote servers.  If you
want to use a local directory, you can specify the full path with a 'file://' prefix, as
shown above.
The order of repositories in the file matters; repositories listed first will
take precidence over those listed later in the file when packages in two
repositories have identical names, regardless of version number.
.SH USING YOUR OWN REPOSITORY
Let's say you have a bunch of custom packages in \fI/home/pkgs\fP and their respective PKGBUILD
files are all in \fI/var/abs/local\fP.  All you need to do is generate a compressed package database
in the \fI/home/pkgs\fP directory so pacman can find it when run with --refresh.

.RS
.nf
# gensync /var/abs/local /home/pkgs/custom.db.tar.gz
.fi
.RE

The above command will read all PKGBUILD files in /var/abs/local and generate a compressed
database called /home/pkgs/custom.db.tar.gz.  Note that the database must be of the form
\fI{treename}.db.tar.gz\fP, where {treename} is the name of the section defined in the
configuration file.
That's it!  Now configure your \fIcustom\fP section in the configuration file as shown in the
config example above.  Pacman will now use your package repository.  If you add new packages to
the repository, remember to re-generate the database and use pacman's --refresh option.
.SH SEE ALSO
\fBmakepkg\fP is the package-building tool that comes with pacman.
.SH AUTHOR
.nf
Judd Vinet <jvinet@zeroflux.org>
.fi