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Archiso For Dummies Like Me and You
-------------------------------------
- What the hell is Archiso?
Archiso is a small set of bash scripts that is capable of building fully
functional Arch Linux based live CDs. It is a very generic tool, so it
could potentially be used to generate anything from rescue systems,
to install disks, to special interest live CD systems, and who knows what
else. Simply put, if it involves Arch on a shiny coaster, it can do it.
- Alright, so how does one install it?
First off, Archiso has some dependencies:
- mkinitcpio
- cdrkit
- squashfs-tools
- aufs2 (only needed in target media)
- aufs2-util (only needed in target media)
- devtools for mkarchroot
- syslinux
- nbd
- mkinitcpio-nfs-utils
Archiso itself can be installed with the handy dandy included Makefile,
and the incantation 'make install'.
- Great, so how do you use this thing?
The heart and soul of Archiso is mkarchiso. All of its options are
documented in its usage output, so we won't go into detail here.
Instead, let's go over the general process.
The first thing you should probably do is create a directory to work
in, and cd to it. This'll help keep things organized. Next, you'll want
to create a mkinitcpio config file that suits your needs. Typically this
means modifying whatever hooks you want. A typical set of hooks for
archiso looks something like this:
HOOKS="base archiso_early udev archiso pata scsi sata usb fw pcmcia filesystems usbinput"
It's probably worth mentioning that hardware autodetection and things
of that nature do not belong here. Only what's necessary to get the system
on its feet, and out of the initcpio really belong here, fancier stuff
can be done on the booted system anyway.
You'll also want to create a list of packages you want installed on your
live CD system. A file full of package names, one-per-line, is the format
for this. Typically you'll want BASE and a kernel as a bare minimum, but
you're free to install whatever else you want. This is *great* for
special interest live CDs, just specify packages you want and gogogo.
The last item of importance is what are called addons. Basically this
means any other crap you might want to include on your live CD, including
binary package repos, special configurations, random files, we don't
know, be creative. mkarchiso expects them all to be put in a single
directory, with an fstab-like config file. Currently two types of addons
are supported, squashfs images that get layered onto the root union, and
plain directories which can be bind mounted anywhere under the root.
If you want to add a squashfs union layer:
- Set up whatever you want to include in a separate directory someplace,
as if that directory was / . Then run mksquahfs on it, and copy the
created image to your addons directory.
- Add an entry to your addons config file (which must be named 'config',
by the way). Typical squashfs entries look like this:
live_overlay.sqfs / squashfs
Where the first component is the path to the image relative to your
addons directory, the second is the mountpoint (irrelevant for
squashfs, they will all get layered at /) and of course the third
component is the type.
- Be aware that the order of entries on the config matters! Entries will
be layered on top of one another, later entries are mounted _UNDER_
earlier entries (an unfortunate counterintuitive result of the way we
have to mount the unions).
If you want to add plain directories to bind mount:
- Set up your directory somewhere, and copy it to your addon directory.
- Add an entry to your addons config file, example entry:
core /packages bind
where the first component is the path to the directory relative to
your addons directory, the second component is where you'd like it
bind-mounted relative to the live CD's root filesystem, and the last
component is the type.
- How can build installation mediums like provided by Arch Linux?
- Just follow these next steps as root.
- Note that mkarchroot is optional, but with it, will ensure to have
a clean enviroment for building isos.
- This clean chroot, will take about 400MB (+130MB with all needed tools).
- After make, max space usage is about 2GB.
- In last step instead of just execute make, can be more selective:
Execute "make net-iso" or make "core-iso".
Do not execute make net-iso after make core-iso, otherwise net-iso
will be really a core-iso.
pacman -S devtools --needed
mkarchroot /tmp/somedir base
mkarchroot -r bash /tmp/somedir
# vi/nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist and uncomment your prefered mirror.
pacman -S git squashfs-tools syslinux devtools cdrkit make nbd mkinitcpio-nfs-utils
cd /tmp
git clone git://projects.archlinux.org/archiso.git
cd archiso/archiso
make install
cd ../configs/syslinux-iso/
make
Done!
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